PREDA: A General Programming Language for Parallel Execution of Smart Contract Transactions

Parallel Relay-and-Execution Distributed Architecture (PREDA) is the smart contract language for defining states and transaction logic that are executed on a parallel multi-chain architecture with relayed execution.

Table of content

• PREDA: A General Programming Language for Parallel Execution of Smart Contract Transactions

- Table of content - Background - Build PREDA - Init git submodule - Install cmake - Build - Windows - Linux - MacOS - Package PREDA - Install package tools - Package preda-toolchain - Delete cache files - Windows - Linux/Mac - How to use preda-toolchain - Simple Example - More tutorials - Acknowledgements - Intel Integrated Performance Primitives - 7-Zip - TTMath Bignum Library - Botan: Crypto and TLS for Modern C++ - moodycamel::ConcurrentQueue - C++ Mathematical Expression Toolkit Library - RocksDB - sparsehash - zlib - libsodium - ANTLR - dayjs - ejs - fs-extra - mustache

Background

Sharding blockchains allow payment transactions to be executed in parallel by multiple shards of the chains. In this way, sharding blockchains can improve the transaction throughput and state capacity for payment transactions. In order to extend such capability to general smart contract transactions, we introduce PREDA, Parallel Relay Execution Distributed Architecture, and its language to define how contract states can be efficiently divided into shards and how logic flow of contract functions can be executed asynchronously across all shards. Programmers can use PREDA to implement smart contracts and the sharding blockchain systems that support PREDA can execute transactions invoking PREDA smart contracts in parallel.

Build PREDA

Init git submodule

git submodule update --init

Install cmake

• cmakeminimumrequired: 3.18.6+
• See for more detail

Build

Windows

• install visual studio 2019

• install windows sdk

• set the compile parameters:

cmake -S ./ -B ./build -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -DDOWNLOADIPP=ON -DDOWNLOAD3RDPARTY=ON -DBUNDLE_OPS=ON

• compile:

cmake --build ./build --config Release

Linux

• install dependencies:

sudo apt install p7zip-full pkg-config cmake libx11-dev uuid-dev libgflags-dev libsnappy-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev liblz4-dev libzstd-dev g++-9 gcc-9

• set the compile parameters:

cmake -S ./ -B ./build -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKEBUILDTYPE=Release -DDOWNLOADIPP=ON -DDOWNLOAD3RDPARTY=ON -DBUNDLE_OPS=ON

• compile:

cmake --build ./build

MacOS

• install 7zip

brew install p7zip

• install xcode and clang

• set the compile parameters:

cmake -S ./ -B ./build -G "Xcode" -DDOWNLOADIPP=ON -DDOWNLOAD3RDPARTY=ON -DBUNDLE_OPS=ON

• compile:

cmake --build ./build --config Release

Package PREDA

Install package tools

| OS | Tools | Links | | ------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | | Windows | Inno Setup | https://jrsoftware.org/isinfo.php | | Linux | dpkg-deb | Come with System | | Mac | Packages | http://s.sudre.free.fr/Software/Packages/about.html |

Package preda-toolchain

you can find the package under the bundle folder with the following command while -DBUNDLE_OPS=ON

cmake --build ./build --target bundle_package

Delete cache files

Windows

cmake --build ./build --target clean

or

del .\build
del %USERPROFILE%\.cmake

Linux/Mac

cmake --build ./build --target clean

or

rm -rf ./build
rm -rf ~/.cmake

How to use preda-toolchain

you can run the preda-toolchain after build it or install the preda-toolchain package.

Simple Example

you can find the preda-toolchain at the bundle/PREDA/bin folder after you build it.

➜ cd bundle/PREDA/bin
➜ pwd                 
./bundle/PREDA/bin
➜ ./chsimu ../examples/Ballot.prdts -count:100
...
...
Order: 2, TPS:25250, uTPS:27500
Shd#g:  h:5 txn:0/0/6 addr:0
Shd#0:  h:5 txn:0/0/26 addr:25
Shd#1:  h:5 txn:0/0/26 addr:25
Shd#2:  h:5 txn:0/0/28 addr:25
Shd#3:  h:5 txn:0/0/26 addr:25
Total Txn:0/112

More tutorials

Learn more about how to use it through the documentation at docs.

Acknowledgements

PREDA uses the following open source libraries as the components. The acknowledgements pertain to the corresponding software license.

Intel Integrated Performance Primitives

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/ipp.html License: Intel Simplified Software License Copyright 1999-2020 Intel Corporation

7-Zip

https://github.com/dantmnf/7-zip License: Public Domain Author: Igor Pavlov

TTMath Bignum Library

https://www.ttmath.org/ License: BSD licence Copyright (c) 2006-2012, Tomasz Sowa

Botan: Crypto and TLS for Modern C++

https://botan.randombit.net/ License: Simplified BSD License (C) 1999-2020 The Botan Authors

moodycamel::ConcurrentQueue

https://github.com/cameron314/concurrentqueue License: Simplified BSD License Copyright (c) 2013-2016, Cameron Desrochers

C++ Mathematical Expression Toolkit Library

http://www.partow.net/programming/exprtk/index.html License: MIT License Copyright Arash Partow (1999-2018)

RocksDB

https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb License: GPLv2 and Apache 2.0 License Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc

sparsehash

https://github.com/sparsehash/sparsehash License: BSD-3-Clause license Copyright (c) 2007, Google Inc

zlib

https://github.com/sparsehash/sparsehash License: zlib License Copyright (C) 1995-2007 Mark Adler

libsodium

https://github.com/jedisct1/libsodium License: ISC License Copyright (c) 2013-2015, Frank Denis

ANTLR

https://github.com/antlr/antlr4 License: BSD-3-Clause license Copyright (c) 2012-2022 The ANTLR Project.

dayjs

https://github.com/iamkun/dayjs License: MIT License Copyright (c) 2018-present, iamkun

ejs

https://github.com/mde/ejs License: Apache License Copyright 2112 mde@fleegix.org

fs-extra

https://github.com/jprichardson/node-fs-extra License: MIT License Copyright (c) 2011-2017 JP Richardson

mustache

https://github.com/janl/mustache.js License: MIT License Copyright (c) 2010-2015 The mustache.js community