Werkzeug

werkzeug German noun: "tool". Etymology: werk ("work"), zeug ("stuff")

Werkzeug is a comprehensive [WSGI][] web application library. It began as a simple collection of various utilities for WSGI applications and has become one of the most advanced WSGI utility libraries.

It includes:

• An interactive debugger that allows inspecting stack traces and

source code in the browser with an interactive interpreter for any frame in the stack.

• A full-featured request object with objects to interact with

headers, query args, form data, files, and cookies.

• A response object that can wrap other WSGI applications and handle

streaming data.

• A routing system for matching URLs to endpoints and generating URLs

for endpoints, with an extensible system for capturing variables from URLs.

• HTTP utilities to handle entity tags, cache control, dates, user

agents, cookies, files, and more.

• A threaded WSGI server for use while developing applications

locally.

• A test client for simulating HTTP requests during testing without

requiring running a server.

Werkzeug doesn't enforce any dependencies. It is up to the developer to choose a template engine, database adapter, and even how to handle requests. It can be used to build all sorts of end user applications such as blogs, wikis, or bulletin boards.

[Flask][] wraps Werkzeug, using it to handle the details of WSGI while providing more structure and patterns for defining powerful applications.

[WSGI]: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ [Flask]: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/

A Simple Example

# save this as app.py
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
@Request.application def application(request: Request) -> Response:     return Response("Hello, World!")
if name == "main":     from werkzeug.serving import run_simple     run_simple("127.0.0.1", 5000, application)

$ python -m app
  * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

Donate

The Pallets organization develops and supports Werkzeug and other popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, [please donate today][].

[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate

Contributing

See our [detailed contributing documentation][contrib] for many ways to contribute, including reporting issues, requesting features, asking or answering questions, and making PRs.

[contrib]: https://palletsprojects.com/contributing/